INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY (ICPERE 2019)

Xiamen University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3rd International Conference on: Cities identity through architecture and Arts

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Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nucle...

Wavelength-selective light detection is crucial for many applications, including imaging and machine vision. Narrowband spectral responses are required for colour discrimination, and current systems use broadband photodiodes combined with optical filters. This approach increases the architectural complexity and limits the quality of colour sensing. Here we report a method for tuning the spectral response to give filterless, narrowband red, green and blue photodiodes. The devices have simple planar junction architectures with the photoactive layer being a solution-processed mixture of either an organohalide perovskite or lead halide semiconductor and an organic (macro)molecule. The organic (macro)molecules modify the optical and electrical properties of the photodiode and facilitate charge collection narrowing of the device's external quantum efficiency. These red, green and blue photodiodes all possess full-width at half-maxima of <100 nm and performance metrics suitable for many imaging applications.

Research Square

Semiconductors, perovskites, quantum efficiency

Filterless narrowband visible photodetectors

Choir singing is positively associated with well‐being and quality of life, and requires the coordination of physiological systems within and across individuals. Informed by models of interpersonal action coordination, we delineate the network topography of choir singing by analyzing cross‐frequency couplings and within‐frequency couplings (WFCs) of respiratory, cardiac, vocalizing, and motor subsystems. We find that respiratory and cardiac subsystems synchronize with one another during singing and are coupled to oscillatory vocalizing patterns, and to the hand‐movement oscillations of the choir's conductor. The choir's cross‐frequency connections are particularly strong when singing a canon in parts, apparently supporting the interaction and coordination of the different canon entries. In contrast, WFCs are more pronounced when singing the same canon in unison. We conclude that the temporal coordination dynamics of the observed subsystems form part of the functional substrate for choir singing. During singing, the choir functions as a superordinate system, or superorganism, that imposes boundary conditions on the dynamic features of the individual singers.

phase synchronization, cross‐frequency coupling, heart rate variability, graph‐theoretic approach, social networks

Complex networks emerging during choir singing

Next-generation sequencing technology has provided resources to easily explore and identify candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and variants. However, there remains a challenge in identifying and inferring the causal SNPs from sequence data. A problem with different methods that predict the effect of mutations is that they produce false positives. In this hypothesis, we provide an overview of methods known for identifying causal variants and discuss the challenges, fallacies, and prospects in discerning candidate SNPs. We then propose a three-point classification strategy, which could be an additional annotation method in identifying causalities.

Prashanth Suravajhala

clinical mastitis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, variants, associations, diseases, linkage disequilibrium, GWAS

Prioritizing single-nucleotide polymorphisms and variants associated with clinical mastitis

Tectonic motions give rise to destructive earthquakes and transient slip events. These movements are often described by friction laws for stick–slip motion on brittle fault surfaces and gouge-filled zones1,2. Yet, many transient slip events, such as slow earthquakes and aseismic creep, occur in rocks that exhibit mixed brittle–ductile rheology, where these friction laws are not clearly applicable3,4. Here we describe the flow and evolution of fractures as observed in a semi-brittle rock analogue exposed to shear stress in laboratory experiments. We find that, depending on the strength of the rock-analogue material, and thus the magnitude of yield stress, the material exhibits either creep-like or stick–slip behaviour. At low yield stress, deformation occurs as constant creep along a main fracture, whereas at high yield stress, the material exhibits stick–slip behaviour. However, the deformation does not involve frictional behaviour; it is instead accommodated by the initiation and growth of a system of tensional and shear fractures. The opening and interplay of such fracture systems could generate tectonic tremor and slow slip. Our laboratory experiments thus support a frictionless alternative mechanism for the development of tectonic strain transients.

Experimental demonstration of a semi-brittle origin for crustal strain transients

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been a very active area of research and development due to its capability to produce 3D objects by design. Miniaturization and improvement of spatial resolution are major challenges in current 3D printing technology development. This work reports advances in miniaturizing 3D printing to the nanometer scale using scanning probe microscopy in conjunction with local material delivery. Using polyelectrolyte polymers and complexes, we have demonstrated the concept of layer-by-layer nanoprinting by design. Nanometer precision is achieved in all three dimensions, as well as in interlayer registry. The approach enables production of designed functional 3D materials with nanometer resolution and, as such, creates a platform for conducting scientific research in designed 3D nanoenvironments as well. In doing so, it enables production of nanomaterials and scaffolds for photonics devices, biomedicine, and tissue engineering.

ScientistPage

Atomic Force Microscopy, Nanostructure, 3D printing

Three-Dimensional Nanoprinting via Scanning Probe Lithography-Delivered Layer-by-Layer Deposition

Diverse histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been developed to date. They control not only histone modification but also gene expression of diverse proteins and thus are expected to provide useful therapeutic effects on various diseases, including cancers, psychiatric and cognitive disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. Some isoform-nonselective HDAC inhibitors have been successfully used for clinical treatments of the haematological malignancies, including advanced forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. However, the nonselective HDAC inhibitors threaten to cause adverse effects, such as thrombocytopenia, nausea, fatigue and cardiotoxicity, and their influence on the health care of patients is of concern. It is therefore anticipated that the development of isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors may offer more efficacy and less toxicity. Recently, a number of 5- aryl-substituted 2-aminobenzamide series of HDAC1/2-selective inhibitors have been synthesized, and their useful biological activities have been reported. In this review, we introduce the recent development of synthetic and biological studies on 5-aryl-substituted 2-aminobenzamide-type HDAC1/2 inhibitors, together with the latest research findings on biology of broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors. In addition, we refer to the possibility of their application in clinical therapies.

Bentham Publishers

HDAC1/2-selective inhibitor, isoform-selective HDAC inhibitor, anti-cancer activity, anti-apoptotic activity, neuroprotective activity, mTOR, p70S6K, XIAP.

Potential Application of 5-Aryl-Substituted 2-Aminobenzamide Type of HDAC1/2- Selective Inhibitors to Pharmaceuticals

We present a comprehensive analysis of the form and interaction of dipolar bright solitons across the full parameter space afforded by dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates, revealing the rich behavior introduced by the non-local nonlinearity. Working within an effective one-dimensional description, we map out the existence of the soliton solutions and show three collisional regimes: free collisions, bound state formation and soliton fusion. Finally, we examine the solitons in their full three-dimensional form through a variational approach; along with regimes of instability to collapse and runaway expansion, we identify regimes of stability which are accessible to current experiments.

dipolar BEC, bright solitons, nonlinear dynamics

Engineering bright matter-wave solitons of dipolar condensates

We perform spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements on the Si(100)/TiN(100)/epiPy(100)/b-Ta system. We demonstrate current induced modulation of the Gilbert damping constant, which is about 30% for a current density of 6.25  109 A/m2. We show that the observed modulation of the Gilbert damping constant cannot be explained by spin transfer torques arising from the spin Hall effect of the b-Ta layer. An additional mechanism such as antidamping spinorbit torque resulting from the interface or the crystalline structure of Py thin films needs to be considered

Dhananjay Tiwari

Spintronics, Spin Pumping, Spin orbit torque

Antidamping spin-orbit torques in epitaxial-Py(100)/β-Ta

Crystal dislocations govern the plastic mechanical properties of materials but also affect the electrical and optical properties. However, a fundamental and quantitative quantum field theory of a dislocation has remained undiscovered for decades. Here we present an exactly-solvable one-dimensional quantum field theory of a dislocation, for both edge and screw dislocations in an isotropic medium, by introducing a new quasiparticle which we have called the 'dislon'. The electron-dislocation relaxation time can then be studied directly from the electron self-energy calculation, which is reducible to classical results. In addition, we predict that the electron energy will experience an oscillation pattern near a dislocation. Compared with the electron density's Friedel oscillation, such an oscillation is intrinsically different since it exists even with only single electron is present. With our approach, the effect of dislocations on materials' non-mechanical properties can be studied at a full quantum field theoretical level.

quantum field theory, crystal dislocation, Friedel oscillation, disordered system

Electron Energy can oscillate near a crystal dislocation

Background: In sequencing human and model organism DNA, the development of efficient computational techniques for the rapid prediction of short exons in eukaryotes is a major challenge.

Objective: This paper presents a multiscale products-based method in B-spline wavelet domain for short exon detection. In our analysis, we find out the wavelet coefficients associated to introns are less correlated between consecutive scales than coefficients related to exons. We reveal the explanation of this investigation which results from the HMR195 dataset by calculating the histogram distributions of the exon and intron coefficients. We employ these inter-scale correlation features to enhance exon structures and weak background noise.

Method: The development of our method is outlined at two stages: (i) A new B-spline wavelet transform is designed to extract the exon features in multiscale domain; so, setting the window length parameter which affects the results is avoided, and this wavelet has higher degree of freedom for curve design. (ii) Based on the significant difference of correlated features between the exon and intron coefficients, we present a multiscale products-based method to discriminate significant exon features from introns.

Results: The BG570 and HMR195 datasets have been used in the evaluation of considered methods. By comparison with eight other existing techniques, the detection results show that: the proposed method reveals at least improvement of 26.8%, 9.5%, 8.2%, 3.5%, 10.2%, 4.5%, 7.8% and 6.4% on the exons length of 0-24, 25-49, 50-74, 100-124, 125-149, 150-174, 175-199 and 200-299, respectively.

Conclusion: Experimental results demonstrate that our approach leads to better performance for short exon detection.

Bioinformatics, short exon detection, B-spline wavelet transform, inter-scale correlation, multiscale products.

Multiscale Products in B-spline Wavelet Domain: A New Method for Short Exon Detection

The measurement of the mass differences for systems bound by the strong force has reached a very high precision with protons and anti-protons1, 2. The extension of such measurement from (anti-)baryons to (anti-)nuclei allows one to probe any difference in the interactions between nucleons and anti-nucleons encoded in the (anti-)nuclei masses. This force is a remnant of the underlying strong interaction among quarks and gluons and can be described by effective theories3, but cannot yet be directly derived from quantum chromodynamics. Here we report a measurement of the difference between the ratios of the mass and charge of deuterons (d) and anti-deuterons (   ), and 3He and   nuclei carried out with the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment)4 detector in Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. Our direct measurement of the mass-over-charge differences confirms CPT invariance to an unprecedented precision in the sector of light nuclei5, 6. This fundamental symmetry of nature, which exchanges particles with anti-particles, implies that all physics laws are the same under the simultaneous reversal of charge(s) (charge conjugation C), reflection of spatial coordinates (parity transformation P) and time inversion (T).

Quantum chromodynamics, A Large Ion Collider Experiment

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei

Human Herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8)‐negative/idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a poorly understood disease involving polyclonal lymphoproliferation with dysmorphic germinal centers, constitutional symptoms, and multi‐organ failure. Patients can experience thrombocytopenia, anasarca, reticulin fibrosis, renal dysfunction, organomegaly, and normal immunoglobulin levels, – iMCD‐TAFRO. Others experience thrombocytosis, milder effusions, and hypergammaglobulinemia, –iMCD‐Not Otherwise Specified (iMCD‐NOS). Though the etiology is unknown in both subtypes, iMCD symptoms and disease progression are believed to be driven by a cytokine storm, often including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). However, approximately two‐thirds of patients do not respond to anti‐IL‐6 therapy; alternative drivers and signaling pathways are not known for anti‐IL‐6 nonresponders. To identify potential mediators of iMCD pathogenesis, we quantified 1129 proteins in 13 plasma samples from six iMCD patients during flare and remission. The acute phase reactant NPS‐PLA2 was the only significantly increased protein (P = .017); chemokines and complement were significantly enriched pathways. Chemokines represented the greatest proportion of upregulated cytokines, suggesting that iMCD involves a chemokine storm. The chemokine CXCL13, which is essential in homing B cells to germinal centers, was the most upregulated cytokine across all patients (log2 fold‐change = 3.22). Expression of CXCL13 was also significantly increased in iMCD lymph node germinal centers compared to controls in a stromal meshwork pattern. We observed distinct proteomic profiles between the two iMCD‐TAFRO patients, who both failed anti‐IL‐6‐therapy, and the four iMCD‐NOS patients, in whom all three treated with anti‐IL‐6‐therapy responded, suggesting that differing mechanisms may exist. This study reveals proteomic differences between flare and remission and the potential to molecularly define iMCD subgroups.

multicentric Castleman disease, thrombocytopenia

Plasma proteomics identifies a ‘chemokine storm’ in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

Enzyme activities are well established biomarkers of many pathologies. Imaging enzyme activity directly in vivo may help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of various diseases but remains extremely challenging. In this communication, we report the use of EPR imaging (EPRI) in combination with a specially designed paramagnetic enzymatic substrate to map alkaline phosphatase activity with a high selectivity, thereby demonstrating the potential of EPRI to map enzyme activity.

enzymes EPR spectroscopy imaging nitroxide phosphatase

Imaging of Enzyme Activity by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Concept and Experiment Using a Paramagnetic Substrate of Alkaline Phosphatase

An asymmetric β‐sheet structure of spider silk is said to induce optical second harmonic generation. In this paper, using an in‐house nonscanning type femtosecond pulse laser second harmonic generation microscope, we characterized the behavior of the β‐sheet of spider silk under an applied external force. The orientation of the β‐sheets was more unidirectional when the silk was extended. One of the origins of the high mechanical strength of the dragline is suggested to be the physical arrangement of its β‐sheets.

Observation of spider silk by femtosecond pulse laser second harmonic generation microscopy

Optical microresonators, which confine light within a small cavity, are widely exploited for various applications ranging from the realization of lasers and nonlinear devices to biochemical and optomechanical sensing. Here we use microresonators and suitable optical gain materials inside biological cells to demonstrate various optical functions in vitro including lasing. We explore two distinct types of microresonator—soft and hard—that support whispering-gallery modes. Soft droplets formed by injecting oil or using natural lipid droplets support intracellular laser action. The laser spectra from oil-droplet microlasers can chart cytoplasmic internal stress (∼500 pN μm–2) and its dynamic fluctuations at a sensitivity of 20 pN μm–2 (20 Pa). In a second form, whispering-gallery modes within phagocytized polystyrene beads of different sizes enable individual tagging of thousands of cells easily and, in principle, a much larger number by multiplexing with different dyes.

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Filterless narrowband visible photodetectors

Qianqian Lin

Complex networks emerging during choir singing

Viktor Müller

Prioritizing single-nucleotide polymorphisms and variants associated with clinical mastitis

Experimental demonstration of a semi-brittle origin for crustal strain transients

Jacqueline E. Reber

Three-Dimensional Nanoprinting via Scanning Probe Lithography-Delivered Layer-by-Layer Deposition

Potential Application of 5-Aryl-Substituted 2-Aminobenzamide Type of HDAC1/2- Selective Inhibitors to Pharmaceuticals

Shinichi Uesato

Engineering bright matter-wave solitons of dipolar condensates

Antidamping spin-orbit torques in epitaxial-Py(100)/β-Ta

Electron Energy can oscillate near a crystal dislocation

Multiscale Products in B-spline Wavelet Domain: A New Method for Short Exon Detection

Xiaolei Zhang

Precision measurement of the mass difference between light nuclei and anti-nuclei

ALICE collaboration, J. Adam

Plasma proteomics identifies a ‘chemokine storm’ in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease

Sheila K. Pierson

Imaging of Enzyme Activity by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Concept and Experiment Using a Paramagnetic Substrate of Alkaline Phosphatase

Urikhan Sanzhaeva

Observation of spider silk by femtosecond pulse laser second harmonic generation microscopy

Yue Zhao

Intracellular microlasers

Matjaž Humar

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